Walpurgis Fechtbuch (MSⅠ.33)剑术手稿(最近重新编目为 FECHT 1)是可追溯到 1320 年的德国击剑手册。目前由英国利兹的皇家军械库博物馆持有。它包含现存最古老的关于中世纪武术的论文”Liber de Arte Dimicatoria”,它可能由一位世俗牧师起草的,可能是文中提到的”Lutegerus”,三位抄写员和多达十七位插图画家参与创造了这个作品。目前手稿由五份手稿组成,除第一个外均不完整,至少有八页手稿丢失了。本文主要根据Joey Nitti翻译的英文译文和手稿原件图片对I.33所述剑盾技术进行学习,翻译水平有限,若有谬误请指出。
[2r]英语译文:It should be noted that contained here is the first ward, namely under the arm, and the siege is halpschilt. I advise with good counsel that the one under the arm does not conduct a strike, which is proved out of alkersleiben, the reasons being that he could not reach the higher part, and [reaching] the lower part would be dangerous to the head. The besieger entering can invade him whenever if he omits to grasp what is written below:
大意:需要注意的是,这里包含的是第一个守势,即腋下,攻击者(右)是halpschilt式[1]。我建议腋下的手不要进行攻击,这是由alkersleiben证明的,原因是(该动作的剑)无法到达较高的位置,而剑位于较低的位置会对头部造成危险。当攻击者进入时如果没有掌握下面的内容时可以侵入他(攻击者):
[2r]英语译文:The first ward has two oppositions,the first opposition is halpschilt, the second langort.If halpschilt is conducted, fall under sword and shield.If he is common, he will seize the head,then you stichslach,if he rebinds and steps against you, then you schiltslac.
大意:第一个守势有两个应对,第一个应对是halpschilt式,第二个应对是langort[2]式。如果使用halpschilt式,则(攻击)落在剑和盾下。如果他是普通人,他会攻击头,然后你stichslach[3],如果他重整架势和步伐以对抗你,那么你就schiltslac[4]。
[2r]英语译文:It should be noted that the one who is above is directing a strike to the head without schiltslac if he is a common fencer. But if you would be taught by the counsel of the priest, rebind and step.
大意:应该注意的是,如果他是一名普通的击剑手,上面的情况下会在(你)未找到schaltslac机会时直接击打头部。但是如果您接受牧师的建议,请重整架势和步伐。
[2v]英语译文:Note that the first ward, namely under the arm, may be besieged by itself, namely, the besieger may besiege the one in the ward with that same ward. Nevertheless, the one guiding first ward can, on the other hand, oppose the besieger with a siege that in a way corresponds to the displacement called halpschilt. It differs, however, in that the sword under the arm is extended over the shield, so that the hand guiding the shield is confining the hand guiding the sword.
大意:注意,第一个守势,即腋下,可能会被它自己攻击,即进攻者可能会使用相同的守势攻击。然而,另一方面,持第一个守势的人可以用一种与 halpschilt 式类似的式来对抗进攻者。但不同之处在于,(这个式)在臂下的剑延伸到盾牌上方,因此持盾手限制了持剑手。
[2v]英语译文:It should be noted that the scholar is here rebinding and stepping, so that he may seize a schiltslac, as below. But beware of those things done by the priest, as after the rebind the priest will be the first to act. It should be noted that the scholar has nothing to do but to do a schiltslac, or enclose the arms of the priest with his left hand, namely sword and shield.
大意:值得注意的是,学者(左)在这里重整架势和步伐,以便他可以抓住一个schiltslac(机会),如下所示。但是要小心牧师(右)做的那些动作,因为在重整架势之后,牧师将会抢占先机。值得注意的是,学者(左)只需做一个schiltslac,也就是用左手抵住牧师(右)的手臂,即剑和盾。
[2v]英语译文:Here the scholar rebinds and steps,he is to [do the] schiltslac.Or enclose the arms of the priest with the left hand.
大意:在这里,学者(左)重整架势和步伐,他使用schiltslac。或用左手抵住牧师(右)的膀臂。
[2v]英语译文:The priest has three options, namely, mutating the sword so that it is above, or to do the durchtreten, or with the left right hand grasp the scholar’s arms, i.e. sword and shield.
大意:牧师(右)有三种选择,即把剑变成上面的样子,或者做durchtreten[5],或者用左右手抓住学者的手臂,即剑和盾。
[2v]英语译文:These three are of the clergy:durchtritt, mutating the sword, or with the right hand he may grasp the sword and shield.
Note what was said above is found here in these examples.
大意:这三个是牧师(的选择):durchtritt[5],改变剑,或者用右手可以抓住(对方的)剑和盾。
请注意,上面所说的内容可以在这些例子中找到。
注释:
[1]halpschilt:半盾式,一种由牧师和平民使用的攻击方式
[2]langort:长点式,指的是任何剑伸出(指向敌方)的架势
[3]stichslach:组合刺,半盾式切换到到长点式的时候使出(翻译来源:)
[4]schiltslac:shield-strike(盾击),一种常用的安全打击技术
[5]durchtreten,durchtritt:tread-through(跨步),一种越过对手的技术
手稿图片来源:https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Walpurgis_Fechtbuch_(MS_I.33)