该文章请与视频 The Most Important Speech You Will Ever Hear – Gary Yourofsky 配合食用。Happy learning !!
1. 有关每年被杀动物死亡数据更新
(2010年Gary演讲的时候: 每年地球上被杀530亿陆地动物,数十亿海洋动物)
截止2020年的最新数据如下:
700亿只陆生动物 https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat?country=%7EOWID_WRL
2.7万亿只海洋动物 http://fishcount.org.uk/fish-count-estimates-2
2. Pus in milk 牛奶中的脓液的事实
行业术语称其为“体细胞”(听起来就不恶心了[doge])
FDA: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/inspection-guides/dairy-product-manufacturers-495
Most firms now receive milk in bulk. All milk must meet the following quality standard: less than 1 million Somatic Cell Count (SCC); less than 1,000,000 STD Plate Count (commingled milk).
中国奶业协会 牛奶体细胞超标 https://www.dac.org.cn/read/newnnyz-16071810352464310508.jhtm
CDC 牛奶与公共健康的研究集合 Raw Milk: A Research Anthology of Legal and Public Health Resources
https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/anthologies/anthologies-rawmilk.html
3. 牛奶中存在Casomorphins 酪啡肽(吗啡的一种,使人对其成瘾)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casomorphin
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340570831_Casomorphin
4. 牛奶与骨质疏松症,钙缺乏的联系
https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.yale.idm.oclc.org/30909722/
我查阅了很多篇文献,以及最新的systematic review and Meta-analysis荟萃分析,没有得到统一的一致性结论。这可能有两点原因,研究样本本身受到很多变量影响,且无法忽略研究团队背后的资金赞助商所处的行业和利益。推广vegan的网站和乳制品和肉类养殖场网站不会傻到放与自己理念相反结论的论文,所以没必要从利益相关的网站上找事实。
(pps毕竟医学顶级期刊柳叶刀 The Lancet 自2020年撤回了多篇与新冠治疗与药物相关的文献,原因是数据造假和利益冲突 https://www-science-org.yale.idm.oclc.org/content/article/many-scientists-citing-two-scandalous-covid-19-papers-ignore-their-retractions)
5. Joke Explanation
Gary在演讲中把鸡蛋称作月经分泌物。学过生物应该知道,月经是雌性胎生哺乳动物的生理周期现象,显然鸡作为卵生动物是没有月经的。在Gary的退休信中他专门提到了这点,他是出于演讲效果而那么说的。 https://adaptt.org/about/fb–tag-youre-it-retirement-letter.html
“In my Georgia Tech speech I referred to eggs as hen periods. Most are still unaware that this was a Comedy Central Roast-like joke. Remember, I was influenced by comedy (George Carlin) as much as militancy (Malcolm X). Since birds don’t menstruate, eggs are technically not a part of their period. But it’s still an entertaining line to use when roasting carnists so there’s no need to eliminate it from your repertoire. ”
6. Major Medical Institutes Conclusion About Vegan Diets
全球几个主要营养医学协会对Vegan饮食方式的结论: 只要合理搭配,Vegan饮食包含了所有人体所需营养元素,适用于生命各个阶段,包括婴儿,儿童,青少年,怀孕,哺乳,老年阶段。
#The Dieticians Association of Australia
#The American Dietetic Association
Craig WJ, Mangels AR; American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Jul;109(7):1266-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.027. PMID: 19562864.
https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.yale.idm.oclc.org/19562864/
#The British Dietetic Association
https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/vegetarian-vegan-plant-based-diet.html
#The National Health Service (UK)
https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/the-vegan-diet/
注:患有部分严重疾病患者若采用vegan diet需要和医生进行沟通确认(如肾透析病人):https://www.iamgoingvegan.com/can-everyone-be-vegan/,尤其是身体无法负担植物蛋白如豆类的肾病患者。但是从健康角度考虑你仍然应该尽可能地采用vegetarian diet/plant-based diet(植物性饮食),而不是大量摄入动物产品。
素食主义的核心观点:在不必要的情况下使动物遭受痛苦和死亡是不道德的,因此我们应该成为素食者。 以上第6点论证了non-vegan diet(非纯素饮食的)非必要性。1,2,3,5点对Gary演讲中提到的观点做了时间更新、核实、和细节补充。唯一没有定论的是第4条,牛奶与骨质疏松症、钙缺乏之间的联系,但是鉴于牛奶不是补充钙质的唯一必要来源(到底是否真能补充也是未知),因此以上核心论证仍然成立。