拜占庭研究专题讨论会,探讨个人身份和视觉表现问题
拜占庭肖像:人格与表征
In recent years, questions of identity, individuality, and subject formation have been at the forefront of Byzantine studies. Scholarship on autobiographical writings, for instance, has demonstrated that the adoption of exemplary voices and roles can enable self-expression, and therefore that the individual and the normative are not necessarily opposite. Similarly, students of Byzantine theology have drawn attention to the discourse on personhood that developed in the course of the trinitarian and iconoclastic controversies, and allowed Byzantine thinkers to conceive of the human subject both in its autonomy and in its relation to others. The cumulative effect of these studies is to undermine the strict dichotomy between individual and type. Subject formation in Byzantium is no longer negatively defined by the absence of Renaissance individualism. It is understood instead as a process of self-definition through engagement with multiple, sometimes widely varying, models.
近年来,有关身份、个性和主体形成的问题一直是拜占庭研究的前沿。例如,有关自传体著作的研究表明,采用典范的声音和角色可以实现自我表达,因此个人与规范并不一定是对立的。同样,拜占庭神学的研究者也提请人们注意在三位一体论和圣像论争论过程中发展起来的关于人格的论述,拜占庭思想家因此得以从自主性和与他人的关系两方面来构想人类主体。这些研究的累积效应破坏了个人与类型之间严格的二分法。拜占庭的主体形成不再因缺乏文艺复兴时期的个人主义而被消极地定义。取而代之的是,它被理解为一个通过与多种(有时是千差万别的)模式接触来进行自我定义的过程。
These advances urge a reconsideration of the category of portraiture in Byzantine culture. How did individual and type play out in the visual realm? What was the human face ontologically and epistemologically, and how did it disclose identity? How did various conceptual frameworks and contexts of use—theological, legal, or ritual—enable portraits to stand in for, rather than merely represent, their human referents? And how did other media of representation, including inscriptions, monograms, and seals, relate to physiognomic likenesses? In pursuing these questions, we hope to formulate a new model of the Byzantine portrait. Such a model will necessarily be dynamic, changing over time as artistic media and conceptions of the self change. By bringing together art historians and scholars of Byzantine literature and theology, we seek to foster dialogue across disciplinary boundaries. Furthermore, we hope to place Byzantine images and texts in relation to recent historical and theoretical work on portraiture, personhood, and representation in the wider premodern world.
这些进展促使我们重新思考拜占庭文化中的肖像画类别。个人和类型在视觉领域是如何表现的?从本体论和认识论的角度来看,人脸是什么?不同的概念框架和使用背景(神学、法律或仪式)如何使肖像能够代表而不仅仅是表现其作为人的参照物?其他表征媒介,包括铭文、字母组合和印章,又是如何与肖像相联系的?在探究这些问题的过程中,我们希望为拜占庭肖像画建立一个新的模型。这种模型必然是动态的,会随着艺术媒介和自我概念的变化而变化。通过将艺术史学家和拜占庭文学及神学学者聚集在一起,我们希望促进跨越学科界限的对话。此外,我们还希望将拜占庭图像和文本与近期有关肖像、人格和更广泛的前现代世界表征的历史和理论研究联系起来。
研讨会主席
本杰明·安德森(Benjamin Anderson)(康奈尔大学)
伊万·德尔皮奇(Ivan Drpić)(宾夕法尼亚大学)
发言者
康奈尔大学:本杰明·安德森(Benjamin Anderson),“The Empire’s Three Persons”《帝国三人》(君士坦丁九世、佐伊和狄奥多拉)
宾夕法尼亚大学:伊万·德尔皮奇(Ivan Drpić),“How to Portray a Serbian King”《如何塑造塞尔维亚国王的形象》
明斯特大学:迈克尔·格伦巴特(Michael Grünbart),“Physical Appearance and Literary Production as Aspects of Personal Identity in Byzantine Hagiography”《凝聚人格:字母组合作为个人表征的非模仿形式》
麦吉尔大学:塞西莉·J·希尔斯代尔(Cecily Hilsdale),“Imperial Donors: Portraiture and Gift-Giving”《帝国捐赠者:肖像画与赠礼》
塞浦路斯大学:马丁·希特伯格 (Martin Hinterberger),“Physical Appearance and Literary Production as Aspects of Personal Identity in Byzantine Hagiography”“拜占庭圣徒传记中作为个人身份方面的外貌和文学创作”
芝加哥大学:卡琳·克劳斯(Karin Krause),“Author Portraits in Byzantine Manuscripts”《拜占庭手稿中的作者肖像》
巴塞尔大学:阿登·库姆勒(Aden Kumler),《总结发言》
法国国家科学研究中心:斯塔夫罗斯·拉扎里斯(Stavros Lazaris),“Principles of Differentiation and Identity in Greek Scientific Manuscripts”《希腊科学手稿中的差异化和同一性原则》
希腊国家研究基金会:斯特拉蒂斯·帕帕约安努(Stratis Papaioannou),“The Literature of the Self in Byzantium”《拜占庭的自我文学》
爱丁堡大学:福泰尼·斯平古(Foteini Spingou),“Between Stone and Soul: Shaping Byzantine Personhood through Tomb Epigrams”《在石头与灵魂之间:通过墓志铭塑造拜占庭人格》
纽约大学:塞尔玛·K·托马斯(Thelma Thomas),“Book-men: Symbolic Portraits of Ascetics’ Lives in Late Antique Egypt”《书像:晚期古代埃及苦行僧生活的符号肖像》
圣母大学:亚亚历克西斯·托兰斯(Alexis Torrance),“The Ever-Depictable Individual, the Ever-Relative Image: Navigating Permanence and Transience in Byzantine Iconophile Thought”《 永远可鄙的个人,永远相对的形象:探索拜占庭偶像崇拜者思想中的永恒性与短暂性》
布林莫尔学院:艾丽西娅·M·沃克(Alicia Walker),“Distributed Personhood and the Byzantine Lead Seal”《分散的人格与拜占庭铅印》
可供目前在读的本科生和研究生参加的敦巴顿橡树园座谈会。申请截止日期为 2024 年 3 月 15 日。(有的翻译可能不到位,望海涵指正!)
研讨会程序及大致内容网址:
https://www.doaks.org/events/byzantine-studies/symposium-files/2024_byzantine-portrait-web-program_tagged.pdf
研讨会网址: